1. Operating System Concepts
- OS Functions: Process Scheduling, Memory Allocation, File Management, Device Driver Management, Security & Authentication.
- Types of Operating Systems:
- Batch OS: Batches similar jobs sequentially (Early mainframes).
- Time-Sharing OS: Uses CPU time slicing for multi-tasking (Unix, Windows).
- Real-Time OS (RTOS): Guarantees output within rigid, deterministic time limits (Robotics, Flight controls).
- CUI vs GUI: CUI relies on typed commands (MS-DOS, Unix); GUI relies on mouse, icons, and windows (Windows, Android).
2. Printers, Tablets & Mobile Technology
- Spooling: Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line — Temporarily queuing print jobs in RAM/Disk until printer is ready.
- Capacitive vs Resistive Touchscreens: Capacitive uses electrical human touch (Modern Smartphones); Resistive requires physical pressure (ATMs).
- Mobile SoC (System-on-a-Chip): Integrates CPU, GPU, Modem, and RAM onto a single chip (Snapdragon, Apple A-Series).
3. Social Networking Platforms Cheat-Sheet
| Platform |
Founder(s) |
Year |
Exam Facts |
| Facebook | Mark Zuckerberg | 2004 | World's largest platform; parent company renamed Meta in 2021. |
| YouTube | Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, Jawed Karim | 2005 | Video sharing platform acquired by Google in 2006. |
| Twitter (X) | Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone, Evan Williams | 2006 | Microblogging platform; 280-character limit; renamed X. |
| WhatsApp | Brian Acton, Jan Koum | 2009 | Messaging app acquired by Meta in 2014. |
| LinkedIn | Reid Hoffman | 2002 | Professional networking platform acquired by Microsoft in 2016. |
4. E-Governance Models & Initiatives
E-Governance Interaction Models:
• G2C (Government to Citizen) | • G2B (Government to Business)
• G2G (Government to Government) | • G2E (Government to Employee)
A. Key National Schemes
- UMANG App: Launched in 2017; single platform for 1200+ Central and State government services. Available in 13 languages.
- DigiLocker: Secure cloud storage (1 GB) for digital verification of official documents.
- Digital India: Flagship mission launched on July 1, 2015.
B. Uttar Pradesh State-Specific E-Governance Portals
| Portal / Scheme Name |
Objective / Function |
| UP Bhulekh | Digital maintenance and verification of land ownership records (Khatauni). |
| Nivesh Mitra | Single Window Clearance system for industrial investments and business approvals in UP. |
| Jansunwai / IGRS | Integrated citizen grievance redressal portal (includes Anti Bhu-Mafia complaints). |
| CM Helpline 1076 | Dedicated toll-free number (1076) for lodging state government complaints. |
| e-District & e-Sathi App | Delivers Income, Domicile, and Caste certificates directly to citizens digitally. |
| Pariksha Portal | Unified portal for state competitive exam applications (UPPSC, UPSSSC). |
| AI Pragya | UP state initiative to train 10 lakh citizens in Artificial Intelligence & Emerging Tech. |
5. Practice Questions (UPSSSC Pattern)
1. What is the toll-free number for the Chief Minister Helpline in Uttar Pradesh?
A) 1090 B) 1076 C) 112 D) 1098
2. Which operating system processes tasks strictly under rigid time constraints?
A) Time-Sharing OS B) Real-Time OS (RTOS) C) Batch OS D) Multiprogramming OS
3. What is the primary function of UP's "Nivesh Mitra" portal?
A) Land Records B) Single Window Clearance for Businesses C) Scholarships D) Exam Results